Gender (Uter, neuter and reale)

The Swedish language depends a lot on gender of a word.
It controls what form an adjective should be in and what plural/article ending to use.

Uter is a gender which was formed by merging together masculine and feminime.
It's used for most living things, such as people, nationalities, occupations, animals and plants, but never trees themselves. However, the names of the trees are uter.
Thus, man and kvinna (woman) are both uter.
What makes uter words so special is that one/a/an means "en" whenever it comes before a word in uter form. For example, "en tandläkare" means "a dentist".
Because of that, uter words are in general speech called "en-ord" (ord=word(s)).
Also, when an uter word is definite, it ends with N, for example "flickan" means "the girl".
Most uter words end with A and all foreign vocabulary is in uter form with exceptions of words from Latin. It's the most common gender so if you only use "en" you'd be right about 75% of the time.

Neuter words are mostly non-living objects.
Most words that are in neuter form comes from Latin, such as system.
What makes neuter words so special is that one/a/an means "ett" whenever it comes before a word in neuter form. For example, "ett hus" means "a house".
Because of that, neuter words are in general speech called "ett-ord".
Also, when a neuter word is definite, it ends with T, for example "bordet" means "the table".
This is the uncommon gender so don't use this gender until you're sure what you're talking about.

Reale is a combination of uter and "non-living".
About 75% of uter words are in reale, such as "sjö" which means "lake".
This particular thing, you didn't need to know, but I included it anyway because it's by some considered a gender of its own.

That wraps up uter, neuter and reale.
Next time we're gonna talk about masculine and feminime.

Pronouns

In the first grammar lesson, we'll be talking about pronouns.

The Swedish pronouns are:
Jag - I
Du - Thou/You
Han - He
Hon - She
Den/det - It
Vi - We
Ni - Ye/You
De - They

These pronouns are always first in a sentence.

The reflexive pronouns are:
Mig - Me
Dig - Thee/You
Honom - Him
Henne - Her
Den/det - It
Oss - Us
Er - You
Dem - Them

These are used when a person is affected by the verb rather than the person affecting, for example Ät mig is Eat me.
It's also put in sentences even though there already is a pronoun that the reflexive pronoun is based of, for example Nu ska jag lära mig kinesiska is Now I'm gonna learn [me/myself] Chinese.

The possessive pronouns are:
Min/mitt/mina - My
Din/ditt/dina - Thy/Your
Hans - His
Hennes - Her
Dennes - Its
Vår(an)/Vår(a)t/Våra - Our
Er(an)/Er(a)t/Era - Your
Deras - Their

The first word is in uter gender. The second word is in neuter gender. The third word is in plural, regardless of the gender.
The reason that an and a was in paranthesis was that they're usually dropped in everyday speech, hence vårt/ert is pronounced with a retroflex T.
The possessive pronoun is always before the noun, but at times it may appear after the noun, but that's only in poems. When that occurs, the noun is in definite form.
Min häst is My horse. Hästen min is The horse of mine or My horse.
We'll talk more about gender and how they affect the language in the next lesson.

Also, there are no words meaning mine/of mine, your/of yours, etc.
The possessive pronouns are used instead.
That wraps up the pronouns. See you in the next lesson.