Non-alphabetical sounds

There are quite some sounds which doesn't directly correspond to a letter in the alphabet.
By that I mean the sound the letter has when spelling a word.

There are many ways to write the sje sound [ɧ] which is unique for the Swedish language.
So many that I have to discuss that in a future lesson alone. But now let us continue.

The [j] sound can be written in several ways without a specific system.
What you should note is that j, gj, dj, hj, y, lj is always pronounced the same, no matter what.
G however is pronounced [j] after E, I, Y, Ä and Ö and [g] after A, O, U and Å.
Y only occurs as the [j] sound in foreign loan-words, such as yacht and yoghurt.
Ge [jeː] give (infinitive), godis [guːdɪs] candy

The so called tje sound is pronounced [ɕ]. It can be written in 4 different ways. One of the spellings is also a way to write the sje sound but we'll discuss that in the sje sound lesson.
That's why I'm only talking about three ways.
Kj and tj are always pronounced [ɕ] no matter what letter is coming after it.
K is pronounced [ɕ] after E, I, Y, Ä, Ö but [k] after A, O, U and Å.
Kela [ɕela] cuddle (infinitive), kaka [kʰɑːka] cookie, cake

The retroflex consonants are sounds consisting of R and D, L, S, T, N merging into one sound.
The retroflex sounds of the Swedish language are [ɖ], [ɭ], [ʂ], [ʈ] and [ɳ].
The retroflex flap [ɽ] only occurs in northern dialects and the dialect(s) in Värmland.
The retroflex consonants aren't common in other languages.
Nord [nuːɖ] north
Härlig [hæːɭɪ] nice
Färsk [fæʂːk] fresh
Karta [kʰɑːʈa] map
Örn [œːɳ] eagle

That's all for now. Next time we will talk about the sje sound.